Graph Structured Data Viewed Through a Fourier Lens

Graph-structured data appears in many modern applications like social networks, sensor networks, transportation networks and computer graphics. These applications are defined by an underlying graph (e.g. a social graph) with associated nodal attributes (e.g. number of ad-clicks by an indi- vidual). A simple model for such data is that of a graph signal—a function mapping every node to a scalar real value. Our aim is to develop signal processing tools for analysis of such signals de- fined over irregular graph-structured domains, analogous to classical Fourier and Wavelet analysis defined for regular structures like discrete-time sequences and two-dimensional grids.

In this work, we start by reviewing the notion of a Graph Fourier Transform (GFT), which has been defined in the literature for graph signals. We examine the spatial and spectral features of circulant graphs, which accommodate linear shift-invariant operations. We describe fundamental operations such as shifting, sampling, graph-reconnection and linear filtering for signals on circulant graphs and derive associated sampling and graph-reconnection theorems. We also develop wavelet filter bank structures for multi resolution analysis of large-scale graphs.

We present a method to decompose an arbitrary graph into a linear combination of circulant graphs. This helps extend fundamental operations such as sampling, filtering and multi resolution filter banks to general graphs. We present an application in the area of graph semi-supervised learning where some of the existing algorithms can be viewed as suitably designed filters defined in the GFT domain. We propose a wavelet regularized learning algorithm and evaluate the performance on some real-world datasets.

Publications

• Venkatesan Ekambaram, Giulia Fanti, Babak Ayazifar, Kannan Ramchandran, “Wavelet Regularized Graph Semi Supervised Learning ”, IEEE GlobalSIP 2013, Austin, Tx.

• Venkatesan Ekambaram, Giulia Fanti, Babak Ayazifar, Kannan Ramchandran, “Critically-Sampled Perfect-Reconstruction Spline-Wavelet Filterbanks for Graph Signals ”,IEEE GlobalSIP 2013, Austin, Tx.

• Venkatesan Ekambaram, Giulia Fanti, Babak Ayazifar, Kannan Ramchandran, “Multiresolution Graph Signal Processing via Circulant Structures ”, IEEE DSP/SPE Workshop 2013.

• Venkatesan Ekambaram, Giulia Fanti, Babak Ayazifar, Kannan Ramchandran, “Circulant Structures and Graph Signal Processing ”, IEEE ICIP 2013